Old lead-acid battery recycling and the recycling of lead lead to save resources, strengthening environmental protection and implement the strategy of sustainable development is of great significance.But in the process of recycling and reusing if processes is not good, must produce new pollution sources, do great harm to the environment and human health.During the two sessions this year, a CPPCC member on the submitted proposal, cause attaches great importance to the relevant state departments, clean up the old lead-acid battery recycling and regeneration lead industry is imperative.
: according to the proposal by the end of 1997, China has identified 732 lead resource mining area, proven lead to keep reserves of 34.7577 million tons.High grade of ore body and good mining conditions has a large number of mining in mines, such as the fankou, ShuiKouShan, giant, silver and so on.Other mines mining technology for low grade, complicated and inconvenient transportation, high investment cost and the untapped.Mine over the years have primary lead production growth is slow, may appear lead the phenomenon.
As automobiles, telecommunications, electric power, railway, and the rapid development of transportation industry, automotive, motorcycle, electric vehicles, railway, military industry, fixed, traction, energy storage and emergency uninterrupted power supply with lead-acid battery of growing demand, consumption lead to 35 ~ 400000 tons.Lead-acid battery use after a period of time we have to update, at present, the annual produce all kinds of waste lead acid storage battery of about 5000 ~ 60 million, weighs about 300000 tons.As the growth of the new demand for batteries, used lead-acid battery number also inevitable growth.
Waste lead-acid batteries, lead slag and lead mud has been the state environmental protection administration, the former state economic and trade commission and other four ministries and commissions included in the national hazardous waste list.China has in the last century 50 s old lead-acid battery recycling and the processing of secondary lead, secondary lead production has been one thousand tons per year.After the reform and opening up, along with the material supply system reform and improvement of lead, secondary lead production rose by 1990 for 28200 tons, 123700 tons in 1997.Secondary lead enterprise in our country, however, the number up to nearly 300, most of the small enterprise scale, production only dozens of tons to one thousand tons, low level repeated construction, waste recycling of lead-acid battery, transport, storage and treatment, there are lots of problems for handling and processing renewable, outstanding performance as follows:
1, the lead recovery is low.Recovery is 80 ~ 85% commonly, above 5 ~ 10% lower than the average abroad.Each year about 10000 tons of lead in the process of smelting regeneration loss.
2, high energy consumption.Average of 500 ~ 600 kg BiaoMei/tons of lead, and foreign general level of 150 ~ 200 kg BiaoMei/tons of lead.
3, recycling channel chaotic, without environmental protection system.Recycling waste lead acid storage battery in China have a battery distributors, waste materials department, individual and regenerative lead processing enterprises, etc.They arbitrarily dismantled, dumping of dilute sulphuric acid.Abroad have a plenty of government support recycling organization or battery manufacturer sales network, such as government regulations recycler is allowed and dismantling, healthy environmental protection regulations.
4, severe pollution.Due to the backward technology, in the process of smelting and processing lead vapor, lead dust, sulfur dioxide emissions more than several dozen times national emission standard.Such as processing 300000 tons per year of waste lead acid storage battery, the emissions into the atmosphere each year 18000 tons of lead, antimony, sulfur dioxide, 10500 tons, discharge of 1.68 million cubic meters, produce lead slag quantity of 60000 tons, 6000 tons of metal which contain lead, antimony 2000 tons, 600 tons of arsenic.Lead pollution from renewable enterprise workers lead poisoning, and hit nearby residents, children.
And moderately developed countries and regions in Europe and the us waste lead-acid battery recycling ways mainly have three kinds, one is the battery manufacturers through its sales channels;The second is to collect scrap dealers;Three is government support for old lead-acid battery recycling group.Particular way has three ways: one is the old change new;Second, the deposit system;Three is to impose green taxes.
Foreign advanced old lead-acid battery recycling technology and equipment, high degree of mechanization and automation of fragmentized separation system, the battery shell --, plastic or hard rubber, lead - a tent, a column, bus-bar lead alloy, clapboard, PVC or PE, microporous hard rubber, glass fiber, etc., dilute sulphuric acid, lead (lead sulfate and lead oxide) sorting, lead alloys with lead smelting, refining for finishing, lead paste after desulfurization treatment again for pure lead smelting, refining, lead recovery more than 95%.
To the stable, rapid and healthy development of national economy and to prevent lead pollution to the environment, improve the reasonable and effective utilization degree of lead resource, implement the strategy of sustainable development, experts advise:
1, establish and improve old lead-acid battery recycling channel.Engaged in lead-acid battery sales, automobile, motorcycle, electric bicycle, railway passenger, coastal inland river ships, telecom power supply equipment repair and dismantling the unit, is legal to old change new waste lead-acid battery recycling units.The units and other organizations lead-acid battery, not to the collapse of the recycling of waste lead acid storage battery;No will dilute sulphuric acid (electrolyte) into the sewers, rivers and soil;No, deposited in the open air to prevent the rains washed out to lead and other harmful substances into the water and soil.
2, to strengthen transportation management.Waste lead-acid battery transport must are setting, and screw down the vent plug Kong Shuan (liquid), and has rainproof measures, in case of dilute sulphuric acid spills and glow.Advocate and promote the use of pallet packing and shipping.
3, lead to regeneration system of processing enterprises implement license.The relevant state departments to formulate measures for the management of secondary lead processing enterprise licence.The enterprise scale should be asked with an annual output of 10000 tons of secondary lead;Process should be complete environmental protection facilities and effective measures;Lead dust, smoke, must be meet the national sewage discharge standards;Production personnel should enjoy the fee of labor insurance supplies and health care, and regular physical examination, the enterprise is responsible for the treatment of lead poisoning.Who are under the scale and pollutants discharge can not meet the standard of enterprises shall be closed.
4, encourage secondary lead processing enterprises expand cross-regional joint, mergers and acquisitions, asset restructuring, improve the industry concentration.All the implementation of joint by mergers and restructuring, the scale expansion of 20 ~ 30%, offer certain tax breaks.
5, encouraging investment in construction of processing 50000 tons of waste lead acid storage battery, use or introduce pollution-free renewable lead processing technology and equipment, site selection reasonable secondary lead processing enterprises.Approved by the government, offer certain financial support, and income tax relief, to strengthen the exemplary role of the large-scale advanced enterprises, and promote the secondary lead industry concentration process.